In BPMN, events can include messages or timers to indicate how they are triggered.

• A. True
• B. Not applicable
• C. Both true and false
• D. False

Answer: (A)

In BPMN, events are things that happen and determine how the process flow proceeds by their trigger. A message trigger means the event fires when a message is received or sent, and a timer trigger means the event fires based on a time condition (such as after a delay or at a specific time). Because both messages and timers are valid ways to initiate or influence an event, the statement is correct. For example, a start event that waits for an incoming message or a boundary event that fires after a set time illustrate these triggers. There are also other trigger types in BPMN, like signals or conditional triggers, but they don’t negate the fact that messages and timers are valid triggers.